Articles of Confederation DBQ essays

Articles of Confederation DBQ essays The Articles of Confederation did not provide the United States with an effective government. This is shown by the power of the states, by the lack of power of Congress, and by the lack of a defined government. First, the states had too much power. If you refer to Document A, it shows the power of the states over Congress. ...Resolution to reject the recommendation of Congress... this statement shows the power the states had. If they can reject something Congress recommends. They could also refuse to pay taxes if they did not want to. Also refer to Document E, where it shows how the states just claim the land, as they wanted. The states controlled their own commerce between other states. They also printed their own currency. Next, the lack of the power of Congress shows the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation. If you would refer to Document A, in this document a state government says it will reject the recommendation of the national congress. Congress had no control over the states. They did not set regulations for solving disputes between the states, interstate commerce, or a notional currency. They had almost no power. The only things they regulated were international trade and pirviteering issues. They could only ask the states to pay taxes, but states did not have to pay them. Finally, the lack of a defined government shows its ineffectiveness. There was only a legislative branch to make the laws. There was no executive or judicial branch to enforce the laws. There was no president to lead the country. The country under the Articles of Confederation had no key leadership positions that had detailed job descriptions. The country was not organized. There was no judicial branch was non-existing, and the courts that they had were run by individual states. In Conclusion, the Articles of Confederation did not provided an effective government for the United States. This was shown b...

7 things to do if you want to work abroad

7 things to do if you want to work abroad There are a number of ways to get a job overseas, but most of them require lots of planning. Before you hop a plane to Bali or Paris to scout local job opportunities on your own, there a few factors and opportunities to consider to help you get the most out of working abroad. 1. Start your job search before you go abroadWhile it may seem adventurous or romantic to go exploring the world, there’s a lot of research that has to go into creating a financially feasible plan. Landing a job is different than bumming around Europe with a backpack. While it can have similar benefits like language and cultural immersion, finding short-term and long-term work is much different than your average vacation. It may be as simple as defining your search delimiters on the right job site, to much more targeted, like seeking out the job ads that are in local news websites from your desired location or networking among friends and alumni organizations. Depending on your financial situation and ult imate goals for working abroad, lining up the job beforehand is almost always better than going broke for a month while you try to find opportunities locally.2. Nail down all paperwork well in advanceThere’s one tricky thing you don’t worry about in your average job search in your home country: work permits. Technically, you can just show up and live for a few weeks in another country, but if you find a job, you’ll need to know how to get a work permit. In many countries the work permit application may need to be approved before you arrive. Oftentimes a company procures a work permit for you for a particular job. You may also need to have a residency permit. Thus, changing jobs while you’re overseas comes with an added complication: new work permit applications. There are also different types of visas, like a working holiday visa (for those between the ages of 18 to 35) and temporary work visas which are offered to American citizens by some countries like Canada and the UK for several months. Whether you’re considering long-term or short-term work, it’s best to set up your work permits before you pack up and move – even before you buy a plane ticket (because your plane ticket can be revoked without the proper documents set in place.)3. Know you might have to deal with low-paid workThe tradeoff, for most overseas opportunities, is of course money. There are countless opportunities for volunteering and internships world-wide with various reputable organizations. Students can often take advantage of internships during study abroad programs. Joining the Peace Corps, an another example, will take you places and use your skills to serve an impoverished community abroad. This is good experience to broaden your horizons and for your resume, but this type of opportunity is one you have to weigh against your current financial stressors. The Peace Corps provides language training, cultural immersion by living with a host f amily, a monthly living allowance and paid airfare. There is also no age limit to joining the Peace Corps, but you must be over 18.4. Brush up on your teaching skillsYou may have hated high school English but being able to teach English is one of those â€Å"needed skills† for many countries when you’re applying for a work visa. If you don’t want to teach long-term but do want to remain in a foreign country, you can consider a teaching job as your foot in the door to find other local job opportunities. There are many teaching placement programs that can get you started, though some require prior experience.5. Consider global company opportunitiesEven applying for a position at a global company could get you to the place you want to be eventually. This is perhaps the lengthiest way to find a job overseas, but also one of the most financially stable. Search for travel opportunities within your current organization. Business trips are a short-term way to get you to feed the travel bug, get paid to do it, and not worry about establishing residency in a foreign country. But you never know when your organization may be opening new positions overseas. Keep an eye out for these internal hiring opportunities.6. Find a job that will always go abroadIf you’re just starting in your career or looking to change careers to one that brings you more travel opportunities, there are a number of fields that offer the travel-driven a regular influx of travel opportunities. Jobs in tourism and leisure, travel writing, and working for an international airline are perhaps the most obvious. But there are other less-obvious choices that require you to work globally like a job in geophysics, archeology, and many government jobs in foreign affairs.7. Study up on your potential new cityDiving into a new culture can be exciting, but you should definitely try to learn a bit before you go. Brush up on local politics, read cultural histories, try to learn from a ph rasebook, and get a sense of the local customs. If you’re looking for a particular metro area, research what potential companies you could work for in the area. Any new job will have its own new â€Å"culture,† but working abroad may bring new facets you haven’t anticipated. If you’re primarily motivated to work abroad by a spirit of learning and adventure, then you’re already in the right spirit.

Managing a Diverse Workforce Around the World Research Paper

Managing a Diverse Workforce Around the World - Research Paper Example   This is because this phenomenon not only is capable of influencing the employers and employees working for an organization, but it also inflicts huge impact on the customers, suppliers, market reputation, and external stakeholders. They naturally drag along their cultures with themselves too and if leaders hesitate in making it their business to step in to look where one culture might crush the values of another culture either by mistake or with intention, big issues can develop and the ultimate consequences signify a major drop in the annual production rate. Therefore, developing the right kind of environment that is positive and healthy from the start is highly important in order to manage a culturally diverse workforce. It remains the job of the leaders to make the workforce understand that certain things which might be acceptable in one culture might appear to be truly inappropriate for workers coming from a different cultural background. Communication and teamwork if used to gether can combat the challenges raised by mismanaged workplace diversity. In the present global marketplace, conflicts originate often when the workers happen to be extremely self-involved and oblivious to the cultural circumstances around them due to which certain ideas might be presented by them that antagonize the cultural values of other workers. A culturally diverse workforce should not only be open to communication but it should be willing to collaborate. When the leaders invest wisely, the payoff might just turn out to be astounding. This is especially important as the payoffs literally affect every area of a business. In addition to better recruitment and employee retention as mentioned earlier, there is enhanced customer loyalty, stronger market position, innovative ideas, creativity, better attitudes, language skills, intuitive global understanding, and improved proposals to complex issues (Andrade, 2010). That is what results when the leaders decide to make a wise invest ment in developing a diverse workforce which is to be maintained later on by relying on teamwork and mutual collaboration as such a strategy helps in tacking the diversity challenges. It is increasingly important that the employers and managers inculcate this thing about how not being able to relate to cultural diversity can wreak havoc for an entire organization very earlier on their minds. This is because acknowledging an issue often serves as the first step to designing a solution. As discussed earlier whenever diversity is not respected at a workplace, one finds oneself entrapped between two opposing ideas as a result of which mental distortion speeds up and dissonance increases.  Ã‚  

Review of Hart's Atheist Delusions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review of Hart's Atheist Delusions - Essay Example Therefore, this paper is a review of Hart’s Atheist Delusions, whereby each section of the book will be reviewed. The book gives an outline concerning the transformation of Christianity during the ancient world through ways that have been forgotten such as liberalization from fatalism, presenting substantial dignity on human beings, challenging the features of cruelty in pagan society and elevation of charity above the qualities. Hart also establishes an argument concerning the term â€Å"Age of Reason,† which is considered the initiation of authority to be a cultural value. Moreover, the thesis in this book is concise, whereby it explores the misrepresentation of Christianity history during the New Atheists and the positive effect on the world’s culture. The first section of the book entails an assessment of the new â€Å"gospel of unbelief† and supporters, which is preceded by a question rose on the central principles implying that the world has facilita ted modernity. The book seeks to establish whether the world can be a better place thought the modernist doctrine, absolute human autonomy, which is embraced by a substantial stability. The next section of the book entails a direct challenge to the modernity through a rewrite of the Christianity history, and an assessment of the cultural struggle between the rivalry from the pagans and growing Christianity faith. The book raises concern in exposed modern myths, which represent Christianity as forces of intolerance, fallacy, irrationalism and cruelty. On the other hand, there is an opposite representation of the paganism, whereby it is attributed to love, peace and fostering coexistence through an attitude of the minority. In the contrary, the pagans have a culture attributed to anti-intellectuals, corruption and oppression. However, despite this dissolute environment, Christianity has managed to uphold their optimism, liberation and anti-elitist, which is preached though their value s of honorable integrity, thereby generating cultural conditions that foster flourishing of philosophy and science in a long period. In fact, Hart claims that Christianity takes credit for the greatest benefits enjoyed in the world today. In the third section of the book, the case established to lose the line of argumentation, whereby the information presented becomes incoherent throughout the development of six chapters. Nevertheless, the chapters sought to establish a case based on the modern conception on humanity through a positive invention of Christianity. Therefore, these offers illustration of the way culture have abandoned Christianity leading to desertion of humanity. The argument in this book becomes problematic in numerous dimensions, such as the difficulty involved in the process of deriving a discussion in the exact line of argumentation and the precision of each idea leading to the conclusion. Moreover, the last chapter of the third section depicts the Christianity do ctrine in relation to the principle of manifestation, which is an elevation of human conception concerning the level of divinity. Moreover, the claim in this section seems to turn on the doubtful interpretation of the incarnation, which surpasses the ecumenical creeds of the church, instead of a precision and argumentation offered by Hart. In fact, his argument appears to be insightful than a reader can understand, and if that is the case, there is obscurity created by oblique prose. In the last two chapters,

Censorship on the Community Essay Example for Free

Censorship on the Community Essay The Effect of Censorship on the Community and People in the Novel â€Å" Fahrenheit 451† The Novel Fahrenheit 451 exploited censorship and all the negative thing that can occur when a society is censored. There were many examples in this novel. In the Novel Guy Montag finds out that censorship is a big part of his community and realizes that has a negative effect and need to be abolished before it changes humans for good. â€Å"If you hide your ignorance, no one will hit you and youll never learn. †(Ray Bradbury). This quote is stating that since books are censored and people in Montag’s area cannot read, they will not gain intelligence. They are hiding their ignorance by refusing to read books. Books hold information and many things that can open someone’s eyes to the world to understand it. In this novel there are no books aloud, and if a citizen has a book or books, the books are burned to ashes inside the home. The community lives in fear of firefighters. Montag is a firefighter who loves burning books, at first, but then runs into a stranger who changes his perspective. As Ray Bradbury said â€Å"we were putting one foot in front of the other†(Ray Bradbury). That is exactly what the Clarisse was doing when she ran into Montag. Clarisse doesn’t believe in all the censorship and act different from the rest of the future community. She doesn’t believe in the books, the schools, and the television programs being censored. The television programs keep people away from the books and the schools teach students that books are bad and not needed. The schools also censored what the kids were able to do and the activities they participated in. Society lives in fear in the novel Fahrenheit 451. Towards the middle of the novel, the fire fighter, Montag realizes that censorship is wrong and starts collecting books on his own. He soon starts going against society and all the censorship. He starts reading the books and tries to get his wife to read them as well. Soon the fire fighters turn on him and make him burn don’t his own house. This shows the censorship causes distrust, fear, injustice, and the breaking of bonds on a society. After he burns his own house, he ends up killing his boss because of how he acts and Montag realizes that his boss might actually want t die. The censorship has killed society. It causes violence, ignorance, wars, and people who live in fear or cowardly. Many civilians are violent and commit suicide also no one seems to care because it has become normal. No one seems to care about others and society is in a cave. In Conclusion censorship has a terrible effect on the community in Fahrenheit 451. All the extra problems and violence is unneeded. It is all caused by the deep cave that censorship brought the place into. The only way the help is by reading the books so the spread of knowledge can occur. The community is always on the brink of war with jets flying around and bomb shelters everywhere. The effect of censorship doesn’t lead to anything good, and is always going to end up with a bad ending. The Novel Fahrenheit 451 shows a perfect example of what censorship does to a society. The school becomes a violent place and the people that are supposed to help people stop caring. Plus all the serious things are taken for nothing as it becomes a casual normal thing for people to harm themselves or commit suicide. Censorship is terrible and shouldn’t be able to happen anywhere. Everyone should be able to have their own views and opinions on a wide variety of topics. The more people express their ideas the more the world will grow and knowledge will spread. People will become wise, more intelligent, and more willing to learn what other people have to share. This Novel is the perfect example of censorship is a terrible thing. Work Cited Bradbury, Ray D. Fahrenheit 451. Ray Bradbury | Books. Harper Collins, 2001. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. . Bradbury On Fahernheit 451. Interview by Haper Collins. RayBradbury. Haper Collins, 2001. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. . Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451 Quotes. By Ray Bradbury. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2012. .

Paul Cezanne :: essays research papers

When most people think of Paul Cezanne, they think of two words genius and painting. For these two words he is consider by far to be the Father of modern painting. Cezanne was born in Aix-en-Provence in 1839. He was to die in the same town in 1906. His life and art work was greatly influenced by this small town in France. He was the son of a shrewd business man, Louis-Auguste Cezanne. As a boy growing up in Aix, Cezanne loved to study Greek and Latin literature. At the age of thirteen, Paul met Emile Zola at the College Bourbon. The friendship was very important for both of the young men and lasted until the publication of Zola's novel L'Oeuvre in 1886, in which the writer portrays an unsuccessful artist whose character based upon Paul. Deeply hurt, Cezanne broke forever with his longtime friend. At school, the boys were nearly inseparable. Both were interested in writing and literature. Emile and Paul would write letters and rhymed verse to each other for the next decade or so in which they expressed their most intimate feelings and emotions together with information about their everyday life. Paul's father disapproved of Zola and his family especially after Emile's father had died. In February 1858 Zola moved to Paris together with his mother. Which made Paul want to go to Paris to join up with Emile. When in 1861 he finally obtained his father's permission to study art in Paris, Cezanne's first attempt to settle down there failed. Disillusioned with the art world, he returned to his family after only six months and entered his father's bank as a clerk. The following year he went to Paris again, and this time he stayed. During this years he lead a rather frugal life due to his father's meager allowance. Every year he submitted canvases to the artists' Salons, but was regularly rejected. Cezanne did his first show with a group named the "Society of Painters, Draftsman, Sculptors, and Engravers" comprised of Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, Pissarro and Cezanne himself. The group's first show was in April in 1874, they received bad revise. Cezanne did one more show with that group, third for the group, in 1877. That show went better than the first one. "Unlike his artist friends, he generally avoided depiction's of modern life and instead painted landscapes and still-lives of more classical conception"(Lallemand 10). Cezanne had many different characteristics of his work enigmatic quality, the look of someone who were essentially a sculptor, no seasonal variance in his landscapes. In the painting The House of the Hanged Man ,painted in 1872-1873, there is an eerie feeling

Human Trafficking in Brazil

Following more than three hundred years under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888. Shortly after – in 1889 – the military declared itself in control of the country as a republic. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio Vargas rose to power in 1930. He is called the â€Å"Father of the Poor†, because of the fact that he brought social and economic changes that helped modernize the country.By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than a half-century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully gave up power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Utilizing vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power an d a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery.Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems. Human trafficking in Brazil, in international and internal forms, is still a phenomenon within Brazil. Secretary National Justice Paul Abram warns, â€Å"This is because one of its features is the invisibility of victims and denial of recognizing oneself as such. This is why we focused on awareness campaigns and the national network to support the victims. † Although Brazil banned slavery its 1888 Golden Law, forced labor of thousands of workers occur daily which is helping drive the economy.The Government of Brazil does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. The Countries that registered the highest incidences of victims of human trafficking were the Suriname (which works as a route to the Netherlands), with 133 victims, followed by Sw itzerland with 127, Spain with 104 and Germany with 71. UNODC estimates indicate that sexual exploitation is the most common form of trafficking (79%), followed by forced labor (18%), reaching, especially children, adolescents and women.The Brazilian government has maintained efforts to prevent human trafficking in partnership with state governments, international organizations and NGOs. Authorities gathered extensive civil society and federal, state, and local government input to draft a second national plan for 2012-2016, as the first national plan ended in January 2010. The Ministry of Labor publishes a â€Å"dirty list,† which publicly identifies individuals and corporate entities the government has determined to be responsible for trabalho escravo and is subject to civil penalties.Authorities continue to investigate sex and labor trafficking crimes, but data collection on trafficking prosecutions and convictions continued to be a challenge. Government-provided specialize d shelter and services for victims of all forms of trafficking victims remained inadequate. Authorities continued to partner with civil society and international organizations to raise awareness about sex trafficking and trabalho escravo. During the International Symposium for Combating Human Trafficking, held in Goiania on May 14 and 15 many topics regarding the fight against human trafficking were put in place.During the symposium, Mr. Bo Mathiasen, regional representative of UNODC, stressed the importance of having a legal basis, backed by enforcement action to combat human trafficking. Mathiasen stated, â€Å"We know that human trafficking is one of the cruelest forms of organized crime and it is not possible to move forward in the fight against it without a solid and comprehensive legal basis, capable of providing the necessary tools to rigorously punish the entire chain of criminals involved. It is only possible to fight transnational organized crime if criminals have the per ception that there is a real risk of being punished. The UNODC Regional Office for Brazil and the Southern Cone, together with the Brazilian National Justice Council and the National Secretary for Justice have committed to collecting and distributing information regarding all judicial action in Brazil on human trafficking through the UNODC global Human Trafficking Case Law Database. It is expected that by the end of 2012 at least 50 Brazilian judicial will document proceedings in the UNODC Case Law Database. This is a step in the right direction for Brazil to begin to combat this chronic issue.

‘Mirror’ & double-layered poem Essay

‘Mirror’ is a double-layered poem: The mirror, personified and equipped with senses, sees and depicts its world in the most honest terms; then we see our own world from the mirror’s perspective—how raw and tormenting it is. Why the author chooses to personify a mirror as the poem’s narrator is firstly because it is an object most closely associated with a woman who seeks to see â€Å"what she really is† (11). When she is young, the mirror cheerfully reflects and praises her youthful beauty, letting her contemplate on her own appearance. When she is old, it cruelly reminds her of time’s meddling in her fading beauty and how life has passed and left her behind. Secondly, the mirror reflects the world just as it is—it cannot lie to us—and faithfully shows us all signs of aging, sorrow, pain and sickness that appear in our face. The theme of the poem is the effects of time reflected in the mirror, how it â€Å"has drowned a young girl† and makes a woman become â€Å"an old woman†. Adverbs depicting the motion of time are employed throughout the poem: â€Å"most of the time† (6), â€Å"so long† (7), â€Å"over and over† (9), â€Å"Now† (10), â€Å"Each morning† (16), â€Å"day after day† (18). The irony is deliberated in the difference between the mirror’s reflection and cognition of changes in the outside world. The woman who looks at the mirror is sad because her beauty and youthfulness are fading while her tears and agitation are considered â€Å"rewards† by the mirror. In the first stanza, the mirror simply tries to define its existence and introduce the reader to its world using its own language register. In the opening line, the mirror describes its appearance and unique quality, â€Å"I am silver and exact. I have no preconception. †(1). The word ‘swallow’ demonstrates Plath’s sensitivities and playfulness in her personification and imagery: everything is instantly reflected inside the mirror as if the mirror has devoured them. Next, mirror immediately explains its ‘non-discriminatory’ behaviours as being truthful rather than cruel. In the last four lines of stanza 1, the mirror honestly describes its bounded world. Ironically, even though the mirror reflects everything truthfully and exactly with no preconceptions or prejudice, it seems to live in self-created illusions, that the opposite wall is â€Å"a part of my heart†. Line 8 presents the mirror with human characteristics, not â€Å"the eye of a little god, four-cornered† as it describes itself. Nevertheless, its world constantly collides with the world outside it—our world: â€Å"it flickers. //Faces and darkness separate us over and over. † In the first stanza, the use of caesura in most of the sentences interrupts the flow of the poem but gives the mirror its own tone: emphatic and meditative. The enjambment between line 2 and 3 as well as between line 7 and 8 allow the mirror to reflect on itself naturally and coherently. In stanza 2, the mirror ironically creates another illusion, â€Å"Now I am a lake† (10), which is in contrast with its claim to be â€Å"only truthful†. It proudly demonstrates its usefulness in helping a woman to see â€Å"what she really is†. The images of the â€Å"candles† and â€Å"moon† (12) may symbolize fragility, inconstancy and instability which contrast with how faithfully it serves the woman (13). The connection between the mirror and the woman strengthens by day: it is important to her and she brightens its existence. Nevertheless, its unintended cruelty is shown in its being â€Å"only truthful† (4). The simile ‘like a terrible fish’ is consistent with the mirror’s illusion that it is a lake but it shows Plath’s grotesque and tormenting view of aging—as a destructive and dehumanizing process. The poem is structured as narrative prose poetry, with the use of caesura to create an emphatic tone, to present the mirror as a misunderstood, proud and honest object. The mirror exactly and dutifully reflects what appears before it and considers the changes shown in it others’ doing and completely out of its power: â€Å"she drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman//Rises toward her day after day† (17-18).

ASU GPA Calculator Essay Example

ASU GPA Calculator Essay Example ASU GPA Calculator Paper ASU GPA Calculator Paper Innovations is a power of ASU University. This educational institution is famous for its well-developed infrastructure and progressive methods of teaching. A wide range of educational programs is available here. We offer a variety of grants as well. The advantage of the ASU. Our highly qualified professors are dedicating themselves thoroughly endeavoring to bring up and educate a new generation – influential, progressive and innovative. The students, who get their education at ASU, have a chance to cooperate with the NASA scientists and contribute to the development of space exploration. You have an excellent opportunity to become a student of this higher education institution and paying a lot of effort built a successful scientific career. The member of ASU has a chance to develop themselves in all spheres of life. University enables its member to explore, advance, grow and become better! ASU GPA calculator is a handy tool for every student evaluating his chances to become a member of this educational institution. A program can assist you in measuring the average grade by calculating it based on the data you insert. College GPA calculator ASU College GPA calculator ASU is an instrument assisting in the process of choosing the higher educational institution you want to study in and estimating the chances to get an education there. This online program was developed for potential students endeavoring to pick the place to continue getting their further education after finishing the high school. Cumulative GPA calculator ASU is a starting point helping to measure the average grade based on your academic achievements and estimate whether this number matches with the expectation of the committee accepting students. You can see the score you have reached in the process of studying. A unique calculating model is taken as a basis for GPA calculator ASU allowing counting the average grade. As a result, you get the number, which shows your chances to occupy the place in the university. This tool is necessary for enabling the students quickly see the full picture. The thing is that rarely potential students apply to one particular uni versity. They usually have 3-5 variants. The program helps them to calculate the proximity of entering each of the possible places of studying so that the students will be able to understand, where the chances are the highest. My GPA calculator ASU If you are thinking over the opportunity to enter the ASU, you have to make use of the Arizona State University ASU GPA Calculator. This is an online program available on the official page of the university. The function of this app is to help to estimate the current GPA of a student. As soon as you enter this page, you will have to sign in, creating your private profile. Enter the â€Å"my GPA calculator ASU.†Ã‚   The next stage requires a user to insert the following info – the total points, graded units and scheduled course information. After that, a student has to click the calculating button and launch the counting process. As soon as you get the number, you can estimate whether it is possible to submit an application form. The points you receive will be based on the last year’s admission process or current students’ portfolio. Due to the results, you will count the chances to become a student of ASU!

Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase was the enormous land deal in which the United States, during the administration of Thomas Jefferson, purchased territory from France comprising the present day American Midwest The significance of the Louisiana Purchase was enormous. In one stroke the United States doubled its size. The acquisition of land made westward expansion feasible. And the deal with France guaranteed that the Mississippi River would become a major artery for American commerce, which provided a considerable boost to Americas economic development. At the time, the Louisiana Purchase was also controversial. Jefferson, and his representatives, were well aware that the Constitution did not give the president any authority to make such a deal. Yet the opportunity had to be taken. And to some Americans the deal seemed like a treacherous abuse of presidential power. The Congress went along with Jeffersons idea, and the deal was completed. And it turned out to be perhaps the greatest accomplishment of Jeffersons two terms in office. One remarkable aspect of the Louisiana Purchase is that Jefferson had not really been trying to buy that much land. He was only hoping to acquire the city of New Orleans, but the French emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte, offered a much more attractive deal. Background of the Louisiana Purchase At the beginning of Thomas Jeffersons administration there was great concern in the American government about control of the Mississippi River. It appeared obvious that access to the Mississippi, and especially the port city of New Orleans, would be vital to the further development of the American economy. In a time before canals and railroads, good would need to travel down the Mississippi. As France had lost its grip on its colony of Saint Domingue (which became the nation of Haiti after a slave revolt), the emperor of France, Napoleon Bonaparte, saw less value in hanging on to Louisiana. The idea of a French empire in the Americas was essentially abandoned. Jefferson was interested in acquiring the port of New Orleans. But Napoleon directed his diplomats to offer the United States the entire Louisiana territory, which essentially included what today is the American Midwest. Jeffersons ultimately accepted the deal, and purchased the land for $15 million. The actual transfer, where the land became American territory, took place at the Cabildo, a building in New Orleans, on December 20, 1803. Impact of the Louisiana Purchase When the deal was finalized in 1803, many Americans, including especially government officials, were relieved because the Louisiana Purchase ended the crisis over control of the Mississippi River. The enormous acquisition of land was viewed as a secondary triumph. The purchase, however, would have a huge effect on Americas future. In total, 15 states, in whole or in part, would be carved out of the land acquired from France in 1803:Â  Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Oklahoma, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. While the Lousiana Purchase came as a surprising development, it would profoundly change America, and help to usher in the era of Manifest Destiny.

For or against a charge of crimes against humanitarian law Essay

For or against a charge of crimes against humanitarian law - Essay Example However, the Rape of Nanking surpasses this contradiction as one of the most atrocious in the history of humankind. This long forgotten atrocity of the Second World War is a crime against humanity, both in the legal and human point of view. War crimes are defiance of the rules of war or, generally, of international humanitarian law, that sustain individual criminal liability (Chang 1998). Even though constraints on waging war date back roughly in the 6th century BC in China, by the time of the First World War, nations had recognized that particular infringements of the rules of war, a great deal of which had been written in the 1899 and 1907 Hague Conventions, were crimes (Yamamoto 2000). The history of every nation narrates some disreputable and detestable episodes that peoples of other nations still denounce and the people of that offending nation would want to disregard, forget, or even, in some cases, rationalize. Among these controversial events in human history is the Rape of N anking which is incomparable due to the extraordinary level of attention given to it for an unusually duration of time. In spite of the effort and time of large numbers of people who have tackled this issue, nevertheless, there seems to be no agreement over such important issues as to the manner of and reason for the occurrence of Rape of Nanking and the extent of the slaughter. The manner American scholars have viewed and treated the topic of the Rape of Nanking are critically blemished, leading to a faulty scrutiny and assumption (Yamamoto 2000). As a result, large numbers of American people embrace the assumption of such a defective analysis and knowledge and build their own perspectives, several of them anomalous, about the occurrence and about the Japanese perpetrators generally. The most severe case of how the absolute recognition of the traditionalist perspective spreads out is as illustrated below (Yamamoto 2000: 4): Consider that the United States, on all fronts, lost 323,0 00 in the four years of World War II. Or that at Auschwitz the Nazis killed on average 350,000 every two months. The Japanese killed roughly the same number in a few months without the benefit of the technology of mass murder available to the Nazis and without the advantage of concentration camps†¦ What’s more, the Japanese troops weren’t ‘specialized’: nothing comparable to the Einsatzgruppen [task forces] existed in their military. These were the boys next door†¦ the Rape of Nanking reminds us how recently Japan emerged from its medieval age; a scant 140 years ago, less than 100 at the time of the Rape. A reader of this passage may claim that this is a judgment of a fanatic and that most people do not agree with it. However, I must argue that this description, though disgusting and unbelievable it may seem, is rationally made. The author of this passage is nevertheless more rational or realistic than other writers who claim that the number of f atalities is at 300,000 and insists that the government of Japan should acknowledge its legal accountability for the acts of violence and pay damages to the victims (Yamamoto 2000). Given that the number of lost human lives in Nanking had actually been that sizeable as to challenge all time-honored knowledge, one may embrace the assumption contained in the above excerpt: the Japanese people were, and perhaps remain, innately bizarre. If the Japanese peop

Toyotas Position in the Automobile Industry Research Paper

Toyotas Position in the Automobile Industry - Research Paper Example The competencies are responsible for the growth of an organization’s core products which in turn support the growth of other business units. Eventually, the business units are responsible for the production of the end products. This has been the case of Toyota. Toyota is among the most successful businesses in the global car manufacturing market. The success of the company is attributed to its core competencies and capabilities.   Toyota entered the vehicle manufacturing market with the few competencies and low capabilities that saw the company manufacture small volumes of cars annually. In 1947, the company could only manage to manufacture 100,000 cars only. The company was small in size and had limited resources and capacity to produce significant volumes for its market. This situation was compounded by the fact that the company was a new entrant in the car manufacturing market. However, the company made the first step towards growth by creating a team of visionary manager s that had competent skills in the manufacturing of cars and the management of the company in the new Japanese market. The operations of the company were directed by the exceptional skills of the founder. The founding team has been at center of the management of the company because of the management principles that they managed to establish when Toyota was making entry into the car manufacturing industry.   In terms of effectiveness, the company produces such large volumes but still maintain quality.  For instance, in the year 1962, the company was taking 15 minutes to change dies but the time was later reduced to only 3 seconds in its current production process.