Economic Effects of the Affordable Care Act - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1433 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Affordable Care Act Essay Did you like this example? March of 2010 the federal government passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), otherwise known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Since that time the ACA has been hotly debated by people of all political affiliations. Some argue how positive the outcomes have been and other seek to prove how the law is unfair, too costly or ineffective. The original intent of the legislation was for more people to afford medical insurance and reduce the overall cost of medical care. The three primary goals of the law are: Make affordable health insurance available to more people. The law provides consumers with subsidies (premium tax credits) that lower costs for households with incomes between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Economic Effects of the Affordable Care Act" essay for you Create order Expand the Medicaid program to cover all adults with income below 138% of the federal poverty level. Support innovative medical care delivery methods designed to lower the costs of health care generally. (Affordable Care Act (ACA) HealthCare.gov Glossary. (n.d.), n.d.) This paper examines the economic research of the three primary goals to determine how well the law is meeting its goals. The first goal of the ACA was to make health insurance affordable and thereby assessable to more people. In researching this goal, it was found to be multi-factorial and one that was highly debated as potentially being an economic drain to individuals. The debates centered around the employer mandates with some concerned employers would reduce cut positions or cur workers to part-time status in order to avoid the fifty full-time employee level. Although workers economic status would potentially be hurt by these cuts the insurance exchanges would have been helped as these workers would seek health insurance there instead of with their employers. This leads to another point in the research. Insurance exchanges, or marketplaces, were developed with the goal of spreading the risk between healthiest and sickest people thereby reducing the cost of health insurance overall. Looking at research on employment trends in the years following the enactment of the ACA it was discovered, the U.S. equal to or surpassed other high-income counties in economic growth. It was also found that employment growth was up with 13.4 million more people were employed than in March 2010, when the ACA was enacted (Schoen, 2016). Schoens (2016) study also found the following: Full-time jobs have accounted for all of the net job growth since March 2010. Although some critics feared that employers would convert full-time positions to part-time ones to avoid the health insurance requirements that apply to full-time jobs has improved markedly. Moreover, the number of people working part-time who would prefer full-time work has declined by 3 million since 2010. (p. 12) While the employment rate points to an economic win for employees, research also suggests this to be part of the negative effects of the health insurance exchanges. With an increase in employment rates, more people are obtaining insurance through employer-sponsored health insurance plans. This decreases the number of people seeking health insurance through the exchanges. These people are also likely some of the healthier people needed to offset the costs of the sicklier people. Research has also pointed to attrition as a big reason for the instability of the marketplaces. What was found was that people would drop out after one month of coverage or after they obtained care for non-chronic conditions. Given the option of paying a year of health insurance or paying a minimal fine, many people have found it cheaper to pay the fine. This behavior has created a situation for the health insurance companies where they find it difficult to set prices. If they set the price low but not e nough healthy people pay the year, they are likely to operate at a loss. Balancing this situation has put the health insurance marketplace in a very unstable position (High Attrition May Make ACA Health Insurance Markets Unstable, 2018). The second goal was to expand the Medicaid program. States which chose to participate in the Medicaid expansion were provided federal monies to help offset state costs associated with the increased Medicaid enrolls. According to research, increased Medicaid participation accounted for a decreased in uninsured visits to the ER, increase in early diagnosis of cancer and overall better care provided to these low-income patients. These patients also worried less about unexpected healthcare costs. Studies also showed overall economic growth including savings in the state budget and gains in revenue. As the federal monies begin to decrease to these states, they will need to find alternative funds to maintain the increased number of Medicaid participants. Some states have looked at using provider taxes and fees to help offset costs (Antonisse, 2018). Finding ways to lower health care costs was the third goal. The framers of the ACA sought ways to encourage providers to achieve better health outcomes at reduced cost (Schoen, 2016). In 2012 the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) was added. This program attempts to address a quality measure, but at the same time could help lower the cost curve. This program looks at 30-day hospital readmission rates for specific diagnoses. Hospitals are penalized if they are found to have high rates of readmission for these specific diagnoses (McIlvennan, 2015). The first year realized penalties of 0.3% of total Medicare payments to hospitals. This was well below the original estimate. The average penalty decreased from 0.42 to 0.38% in the second year with it increasing to 0.63% in year three. Some of the increase could be attributed to the inclusion of two new diagnoses (McIlvennan, 2015). For hospitals attempting to find ways to improve outcomes and reduce readmissions muc h time and money has been spent implementing or improving transitional care. These interventions could include ensuring patient are discharged on optimal medications with appropriate instruction, securing early outpatient follow up care and telephone calls in ensure patient status and compliance with treatment. While all of these options have the potential to reduce readmissions and the associated fines, some do require money to be spent by the hospital in wages to higher staff to do such things as make phone calls. While the features in the ACA addressing lowering health care costs appear to be making strides there are alternative areas which could undo the reduced costs realized to this point. According to Schoen (2016) these include: Rising costs of prescription drugs. A lull in development of new breakthrough prescription drugs and the expiration of patents for several high-cost medications during recent years have both contributed to the spending slowdown in the first part of this decade. But there are multiple warning signs that this trend may be ending including the $82,000 price tag for treatment with an effective new drug for hepatitis C, the availability of new cancer drugs, and rapid increases in prices for even generic medication. A key question is whether the United States will be able to implement more value-pricing for existing and new drugs while also promoting innovation and limiting monopolistic pricing. Consolidation of providers and insurers through mergers and acquisitions. Vertical or horizontal provider consolidation could push prices up, even if the use of health services decreases. This is especially true in markets with multiple, nondominant payers. The greater market power achieved through consolidation also could help providers maintain the higher prices from private insurers gained in previous years. At the same time, mergers of insurers pose the danger of raising premiums and the prices paid for care. Administrative layers and complexity. Public and private health care payers and regulatory agencies use different, often changing payment methods and require separate reporting on an expanding array of metrics there is concern that the proliferation of payment changes and reporting requirements are adding to administrative costs and diverting time and resources away from the delivery of care. The U.S. health system already has among the highest administrative costs in the world; the challenge is how to reduce the excess costs stemming from the U.S. health insurance systems inherent fragmentation. (p. 19) This information shows there is still work that can be done in regard to continuing reduction of the costs associated with health care. Whether it be finding ways to reduce prescription costs or ensuring economic conditions exist to reduce the likelihood of hospitals, insurance companies or drug companies merging and becoming more monopolistic in nature. This research has shown the ACA has had many positive economic effects of both individuals and reducing health care costs. It also shows there is still work that can be done to further improve outcomes and reduce costs for individuals, insurance companies and providers. Continued research should be done to ensure costs savings are not accounting for increased mortality rates or other negative situations.

My Life As A Second Language - 913 Words

A lot people around me asked me why do I always smile and never show my angriness or my sadness. That’s because I want to encourage people around me to overcome their stresses. Whether the stress is from school, work or your life, everyone faces challenges that make them feels trapped. Some deals with them differently and decide that they can’t beat the troubles they feel. Challenges are everywhere and no matter what is thrown in your way everyone must remember that their life is always worth living. Throughout my personal life, I faced with many difficult obstacles, and different challenges. I had go through five general anesthesia for five major surgeries in my life including tumor removal, skin graft surgery, tonsil removal, retinol hemorrhage after being hit by soccer ball, and extracting four wisdom teeth (which was nothing compared to other four). But of them all, learning a second language and overcoming my shyness were mentally the most difficult challenges that I ever faced. Not so long ago, I considered myself to be a shy person, especially around the foreigners, who spoke in a different language. Because of this, new start as an immigrant in United States of America was challenging for me. My shyness and language was a communication barrier. However, despite my aversions to it early on in life, I learned to love interacting with people and to enjoy learning a new language. I was able to overcome my challenges through extracurricular activities and volunteeringShow Mo reRelatedBeing From A Country Where There Are Multiple Languages1324 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a country where there are multiple languages I can learn, it makes it a fun way to witness people speaking in all these different languages but also stressful not to understand what they are saying. Languages are part of my everyday life. I read and write in three different languages, I speak three different languages and also listen to people talk in a lot of different languages. I experienced different languages, mostly in school. I believe language has an effect on everyone and when I hearRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish as a Second Language When I started searching about topics that are related to Academic English I came up with the features of Academic English but this was a general topic so I looked for other topics. I searched on google about other topics, such as the importance of Academic English. I noticed a website that is about the importance of Academic English for non-native speakers. That really interested me because it is a personal topic since English is my second language. My initial assumptionRead MoreBilingualism : The Bilingualism Advantage1226 Words   |  5 Pagestoday’s day and age, English has become the go-to language above all others as the preferred form of communication around the world. As a second generation American, growing up with a primarily Anglophone population and peer group, I was not able to practice my second language as much as my parents would have liked. Since English was all I used in school for reading, writing, and communicating, my knowledge of the Spanish language beg an to wither throughout my school career. Unfortunately, the school systemsRead MoreThe Education System Should Have Second Language Courses For Children945 Words   |  4 Pagesconnects everyone across the world. Language is a tool that connects people from around the world and every walk of life. We don’t often realize the importance of something that is such an ordinary part of life, the ability to communicate with the people around the world. Children who have learned a second language early in life hold many advantages over the children who don’t have a good comprehension of the language. These children who learn a second language are more understanding of other culturesRead MoreEssay On Believe In Change841 Words   |  4 Pageswas I assumed language acquisition was gained strictly in a classroom setting. I was wrong, grasping of language can be grasped with social interactions, for instance at work or on the playground. Furthermore, there are different aspects involved with attaining a language in and out of the classroom. When instrumental and integrative motivation is desired, personal awareness will be developed. With an effective language learning environment knowledge becomes possible. Consequently, my strong beliefRead MoreReflection Paper On Second Language Learners839 Words   |  4 Pageswas I assumed language acquisition was gained strictly in a classroom setting. I was wrong, grasping of language can be grasped with social interactions, for instance at work or on the playground. Furthermore, there are different aspects involved with attaining a language in and out of the classroom. When instrumental and integrative motivation is desired, personal awareness will be developed. With an effective classroom environment language learning becomes possible. Consequently, my strong beliefRead MoreLearning A Second Language Education Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent languages. As a young child, I attended a Spanish immersion program through my pre-school and elementary school. I was absorbed into a new culture much different from my own. I grew up learning words in Spanish before I knew them in English. I also developed unexpected friendships, spending much of my childhood in Spanish speaking households. As a college student, I look back on this time and greatly appreciate the skills and lessons I cultivated from learning a second language. SecondRead MoreCross Cultural Communication Varies Depending On The Cultures1571 Words   |  7 Pagesthe cultures. Although students have a high level of proficiency, second language learners still find difficulties while being understood that cross-cultural differences appear in speaking their second language . This concern makes learners consider that pronunciation might be the cause of the misunderstanding. However, fluency and accuracy elements are very important for effective conversation, learners of English as a second language may find themselves in a difficult position when they have to speakRead MoreMother Tongue By Amy Tan883 Words   |  4 PagesIn Amy Tan’s essay â€Å"Mother Tongue,† it is obvious that language plays an enormous role in our life. Language can influence and give us an insight into another culture different from our own. Amy Tan discusses the many ways in which the language she was taught and native to was important and powerful throughout her life. Language can be defined in various forms, but I hold and acknowledge Amy Tan’s explanation: â€Å"Language can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth.† I canRead MoreEnglish Language Learning Through Immersion1494 Words   |  6 PagesAs a second language l earner myself, I am perhaps guilty of mispronunciation, guilty of having an accent, and most of all guilty of making numerous grammatical errors. Learning a completely new language is not easy. It takes time, knowledge, and a lot of effort and motivation in respect to the learner. There is a clear distinction between structured language learning in a classroom and language learning through immersion. Classroom learning is solely based on knowing and memorizing vocabulary words

Lord Of The Flies And The Crucible Comparison Essay

Fear can cause people do some crazy actions. The book, Lord of the Flies, by William Golding and the movie, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller both have many character traits in common. They both show variations of how everyone in both The Lord of the Flies and the Crucible, experience having the fear of the unknown. Each character from both the book and the movie express it in a different way. The fear of the unknown can haunt many characters. Parachute’s body and spectral evidence, Jack and Abigail, and the beast and the witchcraft all practice the fear of the unknown in different ways. The parachute’s body and spectral evidence are an important part of this comparison. These comparisons are both things that some people saw but others†¦show more content†¦We’re English, and the English are the best at everything† (Golding 42). Then as the story goes on, everything can change drastically. They start to become mysterious and you never now know what they can do. At first when Jack sees the sow, he can not bring himself to kill it, but then he does not have any problems killing animals or even humans. That is when you can tell that he is changing not for the best and is truly becoming a savage. On the other hand, with Abigail, she also changes throughout the movie. In the beginning, she is nice and cares about John Proctor. He is having an affair with her, but once she starts up with the ideas of there now being witchcraft in Salem, she changes a tremendous amount. She thinks that if she accuses Johns wife, he will realize that he should ha ve never left Abigail to be with her. She is completely wrong and ends up doing the opposite, which makes John mad at her. He tries to make sure that his wife is proven innocent, and Abigail is proven guilty. They both are unpredictable and could harm anyone quickly. Jack and Abigail are similar in many ways in trying to get the role of respect and leadership from everyone. The beast and witchcraft play an enormous role. If either of these images never happens, the whole story would have changed. They are similar to each other because these thoughts that everyone is having are deadly. People are killed just because of all the ideas running through their heads. Thoughts of either the beastShow MoreRelatedHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 PagesHow To Write Literary Analysis The Literary Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide When you read for pleasure, your only goal is enjoyment. You might find yourself reading to get caught up in an exciting story, to learn about an interesting time or place, or just to pass time. Maybe you’re looking for inspiration, guidance, or a reflection of your own life. There are as many different, valid ways of reading a book as there are books in the world. When you read a work of literature in an English classRead MoreMedia Magic Making Class Invisible2198 Words   |  9 Pages(Excerpt: Media Magic- Media Stereotypes-1998). If we do not become more aware of the poverty stricken Americans, it will soon have great affect on not only the poor themselves, but the middle and upper classes as well. Add Project New English essays Much Ado About Gender Roles (15 August) Report regarding a proposed amendment of certain sections of th (13 August) Community Influence In Literature (18 July) Ode To A Urn Detailed Analysis (17 June) Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge (14 June)Read MoreMasculinity in the Philippines12625 Words   |  51 Pagesa class or batch with an extraordinary solidarity. The half-dozen doctoral dissertations on the Philippine military argue, in the words of a Chicago psychologist who observed the PMA in the mid-1960~~ that cadets form lifetime bonds. . . in the crucible of the hazing pro~ess.~ What is the meaning of this ritual with its extreme violence? Hazing, seemingly a small issue, has embedded within it larger problems of masculinity central to armies everywhere. In fieldwork around the world, anthropologistsRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesprimary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropological studies, biographies, monographs, dissertations, published and unpublished essays, and periodical articles. Archival sources, such as newspaper reports, policy statements, pamphlets, and organization manuals have also provided useful information. Chapter 1 reviews and reï ¬ nes Webers theory of charisma and routinization, usingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesapply the relevant information to the question or case at hand. You might think it difficult to argue against this (what manager would say decisions shouldn’t be based on evidence?), but the vast majority of management decisions are still made â€Å"on the fly,† with little or systematic study of available evidence.13 Systematic study and EBM add to intuition, or those â€Å"gut feelings† about what makes others (and ourselves) â€Å"tick.† Of course, the things you have come to believe in an unsystematic way are not

Henry V Essay Research Paper email dunlopteleplexnettitle free essay sample

Henry V Essay, Research Paper electronic mail: dunlop @ teleplex.nettitle: Henry VA COMPARISON OF OLIVIER S AND BRANAGH S FILM ADAPTATION OF HENRY V The intent of this paper is to compare and contrast two movie versions of William Shakespeare s Henry V. Laurence Olivier s alteration was filmed in 1944. This was his first enterprise at movie directing and Henry V won him an Academy award for distinguished achievement as an histrion, a manufacturer, and a manager. Olivier s purpose was to bring forth an entertaining patriot movie for propaganda intents. We will write a custom essay sample on Henry V Essay Research Paper email dunlopteleplexnettitle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kenneth Branagh was besides the manager and star of his version of Henry V. This film gained Branagh international attending. His end was to emphasize the desolation of war. Laurence Olivier s film was produced during World War II. The British authorities gave its permission for Olivier s project because it was to be a loyal movie used for propaganda intents. The aim of the movie was to rouse the memories of the British to a past glorious triumph against a European enemy ( in this instance the Gallic non the Germans ) at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //chomsky.arts.adelaide.edu.au /person/DHart/Films/HenryVOlivier.html ) . Olivier s purpose was to do an entertaining patriot movie that would make trueness to the British state and pride in its civilization and history. The movie was dedicated to the ranger and airborne military personnels of Great Britain. To the rangers and airborne military personnels of Great Britain the spirit of whose ascendants i t has been meekly attempted to recapture in some resulting scenes, this movie is dedicated ( Henry V, Olivier ) Olivier omitted about one-quarter of Shakespeare s drama in order to stress the conflict of Agincourt. The conflict was non realistic. There was no blood or enduring shown. The twenty-four hours was cheery and bright. The scenery was non really realistic either. It was a beautiful countryside that looked similar to a picture or scenery used for a drama, instead than a film. The conflict scenes showed the British as really brave and elevated war. This was done because Britain was at this clip involved in World War II, and the movie was really popular with the wartime audiences. It ran for 5 months in London and 46 hebdomads on Broadway ( hypertext transfer protocol: //chomsky.arts.adelaide.edu.au/person/DHart/Films/HenryVOlivier. hypertext markup language ) . Contrary to Olivier s end to laud war, Kenneth Branagh wanted to demo the desolation of war. In Branagh s movie, the Battle at Agincourt was really realistic. The conflict was scaring and bloody. It showed many hurt and dead work forces and Equus caballuss. Kenneth Branagh said, All the blood-and-guts was rather calculated. In fact, if eyewitness histories of the Battle of Agincourt are to be believed, we were instead modest in our representation of it. It was really unpleasant, undignified, inelegant abattoir. ( file: ///Ul/win95.lab/Desktop/HenryVBranagh.html ) . Branagh s conflict took topographic point on a dark showery twenty-four hours. The work forces fought in the clay, and the H2O on the land turned ruddy from the blood. His movie was made after the Vietnam War, and some feel the movie could be called anti-war because of its realistic portraiture of the desolation of war. William Shakespeare used war in many of his dramas. He appeared to keep the position that peace made a society soft and effete ( like the Gallic tribunal in Henry V ) and that war was a utile thing at times because it m ade a society tough and healthy. Weak elements were destroyed and the stronger elements were given room to turn and boom ( hypertext transfer protocol: //chronsky.arts.adelaide.edu.au/person/DHart/Films/HenryVOlivier.html ) . This is the position that Laurence Olivier used in his movie. On the other manus, Branagh s position on war was different. In his movie, war was considered sometimes necessary, but all attempt should be made to avoid it because of the desolation it caused. Another characteristic that showed Olivier s movie was done for propaganda intents and besides showed his position on war was the manner he portrayed the Gallic. In his movie the Gallic characters were amusing and slightly feminine. The Gallic King appeared weak and stupid. His eyes were pouching. In one scene, he fainted from fright of the English. At the terminal of the film when King Henry and King Charles met to discourse the footings of peace, Queen Isabel does a batch of the speaking for King Charles. The other Lords of the Gallic tribunal were besides depicted as foolish characters. Before the conflict, one knight had to be lowered on to his Equus caballus by ropes. This showed their folly, and it besides showed that even though the Gallic were to a great extent armed and outnumbered the English, the English conquered them. The Gallic knights sit black Equus caballuss but King Henry of England rode a white Equus caballus which was symbolic of good and evil. Branagh s word picture of the Gallic sovereign and aristocracy was more realistic than Olivier s and non amusing. In this film, King Charles appeared disquieted and concerned and Queen Isabel does non look. Branagh does demo patriotism because he portrays the English as much braver and smarter than the Gallic and more willing to do great forfeits for their state. Olivier s movie began as a phase presentation in Shakespearian clip with an audience and bit by bit developed into a film. Throughout the film much of the scenery looked more like scenery used in a drama. In the gap scene, where the bishops were seeking to warrant Henry V s right to assail France, it was really amusing. On the other manus, Kenneth Branagh s movie was a more realistic serious version with flashbacks of the yesteryear. The same scene with the bishops was really solemn.Olivier left out the scenes about offenses against humanity committed by the English. Branagh reinstated these scenes. His film included the exe cuting of King Henry s friend Bardolph for his war offense of robbing a church. It besides had the dismissal of three of King Henry s friends for confederacy and lese majesty. Branagh besides showed war offenses of stealing from the dead committed by the English on the battleground. Olivier besides left out the barbaric menace made to the governor of Harfleur by King Henry and the violent behaviour Henry displayed before his war cabinet.Both Olivier and Branagh depicted King Henry as a brave and sensitive soldier. They both saw the King as baronial but besides as a scheming politician. He used the clergy to warrant his invasion of France. He claims to worry about the demands of his work forces, but he entered the war for some personal aspiration. His courage and love for his work forces are shown in his moving addresss. His soft side is besides shown when he tries to carry Princess Katherine to love him. Branagh truly captured King Henry s sensitive and caring personality when the d og-tired King carried the dead male child to his grave. There were many similarities in the composing of Olivier s and Branagh s version of Shakespeare s drama Henry V, but there were besides differences. Branagh s version would likely appeal more to modern audiences than Olivier s because it was a more realistic word picture. The costumes and pageantry were much more luxuriant in Olivier s movie. Both managers utilized patriotism in their movies. In both movies, King Henry s address to his work forces before the conflict of Agincourt would stir utmost trueness, pride, and bravery in the English. In Branagh s version, the scene after the conflict where the King carried the dead male child to his grave and the vocalizing of Non Nobis which claimed God was on Henry s side, showed the horror of war, but it besides created a strong feeling of pride in the King and the state of England. Olivier displays the English flag more than Branagh, and at the terminal of his movie when Henry and K atherine marry, he shows the English and Gallic symbols unifying. Both Laurence Olivier and Kenneth Branagh were great Shakespearian histrions and managers. They both used Shakespeare s drama and made movies that attracted audiences of their clip. Bibliographyhttp: //chomsky.arts.adelaide.edu.au/person/DHart/Films/HenryVOlivier.htmlClassic Film Scripts: Henry V by William Shakespeare. Produced and Directed byLaurence Olivier. ( London: Dolby Corporation, 1978 ) . file: ///Ul/win95.lab/Desktop/HenryvBranagh.html